Historical Evolution of Strategic Management and Business Policy started in 1911 at Harvard Business School. In 1911 HBS introduced an Integrative course in management to create general management capability.
The base for the introduction of this course was case studies used at the school for the instructional purpose since 1908.
PART ONE Introduction to Strategic Management and Business Policy CHAPTER 1 Basic Concepts of Strategic Management CHAPTER 2 Corporate Governance CHAPTER 3 Social Responsibility and Ethics in Strategic Management PART TWO Scanning the Environment CHAPTER 4 Environmental Scanning and Industry Analysis CHAPTER 5 Internal Scanning: Organizational Analysis PART THREE Strategy. As BSC, BI, strategic planning and controlling, innovations and others, a higher performance of companies can be achieved. Keywords: strategic management, business performance, innovation JEL Classification: M21, O39 1. INTRODUCTION In the current period there is a strong demand for businesses to bring new ideas, products, or services to the. & Strategies 13 & Annual Objectives 13 & Policies 14 The Strategic-Management Model 14 Benefits of Strategic Management 16 Financial Benefits 17 & Nonfinancial Benefits 18 Why Some Firms Do No Strategic Planning 18 Pitfalls in Strategic Planning 19 Guidelines for Effective Strategic Management 19 Comparing Business and Military Strategy 21 THE.
- Strategic management is a broader term than strategy and is a process that includes top management’s analysis of the environment in which the organization operates prior to formulat - ing a strategy, as well as the plan for implementation and control of the strategy.
- In the field of management, strategic management involves the formulation and implementation of the major goals and initiatives taken by an organization's top managers on behalf of owners, based on consideration of resources and an assessment of the internal and external environments in which the organization operates. Strategic management provides overall direction to an enterprise.
Origin and Etymology of the word Strategy
Origin of the word strategy can be observed in the Greek word Strategos (from word Strategia) in 1680. Meaning of Strategos is General Army or Military commander.
Historical Evolution of Strategic Management & Business Policy
Below is the detailed information about the Evolution of Strategic Management. This can be explained with the help of the following key points.
1911: Harvard Business School Introduced Course in Management
1959: Introduction of Business Policy in Academics
1969: The American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business, a regulatory body for business schools, made the course of Business Policy a mandatory for the purpose of recognition
1980-2000: Business policy has become an integral part of Management Curriculum
The term Business Policy has been used traditionally until the end of the 20th century.
After that, the new titles Strategic Management, Corporate Strategy and Policy have been used.
Evolution based on Managerial Practices
- Use of plannings techniques by Managers can be observed as an important part of the development of the term Business Policy.
- Along with day to day planning and practices, managers began planning for the future, including budgets and other resources.
You can also use the following simple chart to understand the evolution of the term Strategic Management.
- First Short term planning (day to day) Replaced by Long-range Planning
- Then Long-range planning replace by Strategic Planning
- Then Strategic Planning replaced by Strategic Management
The term Strategic Management is nowadays used to describe the process of Strategic Decision Making.
Four Paradigm Shifts
These four paradigm Shifts are given by Hofer and others.
Phase I /Paradigm I: 1930 to 1960
Key Points: – Paradigm of Ad hoc policymaking
Phase II / Paradigm II
![Management Management](/uploads/1/1/7/8/117810886/932481018.png)
- Environmental changes from 1930 to 1940 in the US — planned policy formulation replaced ad hoc policymaking
- Based on this second paradigm, the emphasis shifted to the integration of functional areas in a rapidly changing environment.
Phase III / Paradigm III – 1960
- Planned policy paradigm become irrelevant due to increased complexity and accelerating changes in the environment.
- Demand for a critical look at the basic concept of business and its relationship with the environment.
Phase IV / Paradigm IV – 1980 onward
Focus on two fields of enquiry:
1. The strategic processes of business firms
2. The responsibilities of general management
2. The responsibilities of general management
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